Such genetic components could be used to subgroup patients with ASD to generate clinical subtypes that reflect biological differences, which might provide opportunities for individualized treatment options 9. Understanding how genetic factors contribute to the comorbidities may provide novel insight into molecular mechanisms underlying heterogeneous clinical features of individuals with ASD. While research into the medical comorbidities of ASD has been ongoing 2, research into the genetic bases of ASD’s psychiatric comorbidities is only now getting underway 6, 7, 8. In this regard, understanding of shared etiologies-including potential genetic factors 4, 5-for ASD and comorbid conditions may be critical in management decisions. Appropriate management of comorbid medical conditions may lead to quality of life improvement for both children and their parents 3. The importance of understanding medical comorbidities of ASD cannot be understated 2. Psychiatric and medical comorbidities are a norm rather than an exception in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social communication deficits and restricted/repetitive behaviors 1. Since these comorbid conditions (i.e., allergies and pain sensory issues) may not be attributable to the corresponding comorbidity-specific biological factors in non-ASD individuals, clinical management for these comorbid conditions may still depend on treatments for core symptoms of ASD. Findings imply that susceptibility genes of ASD may contribute more to the occurrence of allergies and sensory processing issues in individuals with ASD, compared with the susceptibility genes for their corresponding phenotypes in non-ASD individuals. Additionally, the AGRE sample may be underpowered and therefore insensitive to weak PRS associations due to a relatively small sample size. Note that characteristics of the present AGRE sample and those samples used in the original GWAS for ASD, allergies, and chronic pain disorder, may differ due to significant clinical heterogeneity that exists in the ASD population. The results suggest that these two topics were not associated with the PRS of allergies and chronic pain disorder, respectively. The associations between these two topics and the multi-locus contributors to their corresponding comorbid conditions based on non-ASD specific populations were further explored. From these 18 topics, Topic 6 (over-represented by allergies) ( p = 1.72 × 10 −3) and Topic 17 (over-represented by sensory processing issues such as low pain tolerance) ( p = 0.037) were associated with PRS of ASD. PRS for ASD were computed using a genome-wide association meta-analysis of 18,381 cases and 27,969 controls. A total of 18 subgroups of comorbid conditions (‘topics’) were identified using a machine learning algorithm, topic modeling. After excluding individuals with missing clinical information concerning comorbid conditions, a total of 707 patients were included in the study. Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data were obtained from 1386 patients with ASD from the Autism Genetic Resource Exchange (AGRE) study. This study examined whether comorbid conditions in ASD are associated with polygenic risk scores (PRS) of ASD or PRS of comorbid conditions in non-ASD specific populations.
![dsm 5 asd comorbidity dsm 5 asd comorbidity](https://www.takarazuka-lab.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/20240317-第23回しゃべりば「親なきあと」ちらし-212x300.jpg)
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have heterogeneous comorbid conditions.